Report

The CISO’s Guide to Modern Identity Security

This guide helps security leaders move from reactive defense to proactive Identity Attack Path Management (APM), transforming identity risk into measurable, board-level practice.

Key Takeaways

  • Attackers exploit transitive identity relationships to move laterally, not individual permissions or vulnerabilities.
  • APM transforms fragmented security efforts into measurable risk reduction through continuous attack path mapping and choke point prioritization.
  • Cross-functional alignment between Security, Identity, and Infrastructure teams drives sustainable outcomes.
  • Mature APM programs prevent attack paths at design time by embedding controls into provisioning and architecture, shifting from continuous cleanup to sustainable security.

Estimated read time: 20 min

Executive Summary

In nearly every major breach, attackers log in with legitimate credentials and move laterally through attack paths that already exist. While identity attack paths rank among top security priorities and 60% of organizations increase their spend*, most still struggle with execution. The gap? Traditional security tools detect attacks but don’t prevent the attack paths that enable them.

* https://ghst.ly/sapm-25

Why Identity APM Matters & The Challenges It Solves

Your existing security tools (EDR, ITDR, SIEM) excel at detecting compromise after it happens, but they don’t address the underlying problem of attack paths. You are effectively installing cameras on your doors while leaving them unlocked. Security teams face three critical gaps: no visibility into how adversaries traverse hybrid environments, no way to prioritize among thousands of findings, and cross-team silos that fragment remediation. When adversaries abuse the gaps between your security tools, understanding how they move through your organization changes everything.

See real-world implementation examples in the State of APM 2025 Report

Metrics That Matter and Economic Reality

Moving beyond breach response requires different metrics: total attack paths to critical assets, mean time to remediate, blast radius reduction, and trend analysis over time. These numbers transform identity security into board-level strategy. When organizations gain this visibility, the contrast is stark. Organizations like Woodside Energy found that “without BloodHound Enterprise, we would have been relying solely on our periodic expert assessments. Now we’re able to monitor exposure of tiers daily (..)”. The shift from periodic snapshots to continuous visibility changes the economics entirely. Traditional assessments provide point-in-time snapshots. Enterprise APM continuously maps your entire hybrid environment as it changes, providing visibility that periodic assessments cannot match.

Read more about how Woodside Energy leverages BloodHound Enterprise in their APM program

Maturity Evolution: From Reactive to Strategic

Most organizations discover attack paths only after breaches or penetration tests, remediating manually without systematic tracking. Advanced programs continuously map attack paths, embed analysis into provisioning workflows, and prevent paths at design time. Organizations that make this shift from reactive cleanup to proactive prevention can dramatically reduce their attack surface in the first quarter through cross-functional alignment and continuous measurement. This isn’t just about operational efficiency. It’s the difference between responding to incidents and preventing them.

Discover where your organization stands and get your roadmap to proactive APM

The Path Forward

APM is transitioning from specialized capability to essential security practice. The technology exists. The methodologies are proven. The differentiator? Execution. Organizations that build cross-functional alignment, establish measurement frameworks, and embed APM into identity governance achieve substantial attack surface reduction in the first quarter. Those that treat APM as another security tool continue discovering the same attack paths after every incident.